France provides a sophisticated legal framework for joint ventures under the Civil Code and Commercial Code. Chinese companies partnering with French counterparts must navigate foreign investment screening and IP allocation considerations.

Joint Venture Structures Under French Law

French law offers multiple JV structures including contractual and equity joint ventures. The SAS (société par actions simplifiée) offers maximum contractual flexibility and is the preferred vehicle for Sino-French joint ventures. Partners can customize governance through articles of association.

Foreign Investment Screening

French Decree 2019-1590 establishes screening for foreign investments in sensitive sectors. Chinese investors in defense, cybersecurity, AI, or critical infrastructure must obtain Ministry of Economy authorization within 45 working days. Engaging French counsel experienced in FDI screening is recommended.

IP Rights Allocation

JV agreements must clearly allocate IP ownership and usage rights. French law does not presume joint ownership without agreement. Key terms include background IP definition, license grants, foreground IP ownership, and post-termination rights. Technology transfers may require export control compliance.

📌 Structure Note: The SAS (societe par actions simplifiee) offers maximum contractual flexibility and is the preferred vehicle for Sino-French joint ventures under French law.